npm-ci

全新安装项目

概要

¥Synopsis

npm ci

aliases: clean-install, ic, install-clean, isntall-clean

描述

¥Description

此命令与 npm install 类似，不同之处在于它旨在用于自动化环境，例如测试平台、持续集成和部署 - 或任何你希望确保对依赖进行全新安装的情况。

¥This command is similar to npm install, except it's meant to be used in automated environments such as test platforms, continuous integration, and deployment -- or any situation where you want to make sure you're doing a clean install of your dependencies.

使用 npm install 和 npm ci 的主要区别是：

¥The main differences between using npm install and npm ci are:

• 该项目必须具有现有的 package-lock.json 或 npm-shrinkwrap.json。

  ¥The project must have an existing package-lock.json or npm-shrinkwrap.json.

• 如果包锁中的依赖与 package.json 中的依赖不匹配，npm ci 将退出并出错，而不是更新包锁。

  ¥If dependencies in the package lock do not match those in package.json, npm ci will exit with an error, instead of updating the package lock.

• npm ci 一次只能安装整个项目：不能使用此命令添加单个依赖。

  ¥npm ci can only install entire projects at a time: individual dependencies cannot be added with this command.

• 如果 node_modules 已经存在，它将在 npm ci 开始安装之前自动删除。

  ¥If a node_modules is already present, it will be automatically removed before npm ci begins its install.

• 它永远不会写入 package.json 或任何包锁：安装基本上被冻结了。

  ¥It will never write to package.json or any of the package-locks: installs are essentially frozen.

注意：如果你通过运行带有可能影响依赖树形状的标志（例如 --legacy-peer-deps 或 --install-links）的 npm install 创建 package-lock.json 文件，则必须为 npm ci 提供相同的标志，否则你可能会遇到错误。一个简单的方法是运行例如 npm config set legacy-peer-deps=true --location=project 并将 .npmrc 文件提交到你的 repo。

¥NOTE: If you create your package-lock.json file by running npm install with flags that can affect the shape of your dependency tree, such as --legacy-peer-deps or --install-links, you must provide the same flags to npm ci or you are likely to encounter errors. An easy way to do this is to run, for example, npm config set legacy-peer-deps=true --location=project and commit the .npmrc file to your repo.

示例

¥Example

确保你有一个包锁和一个最新的安装：

¥Make sure you have a package-lock and an up-to-date install:

$ cd ./my/npm/project
$ npm install
added 154 packages in 10s
$ ls | grep package-lock

在该项目中运行 npm ci

¥Run npm ci in that project

$ npm ci
added 154 packages in 5s

将 Travis CI 配置为使用 npm ci 而不是 npm install 构建：

¥Configure Travis CI to build using npm ci instead of npm install:

# .travis.yml
install:
- npm ci
# keep the npm cache around to speed up installs
cache:
  directories:
  - "$HOME/.npm"

配置

¥Configuration

save

• 默认值：true 除非在使用 npm update 时默认为 false

  ¥Default: true unless when using npm update where it defaults to false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

将已安装的包作为依赖保存到 package.json 文件中。

¥Save installed packages to a package.json file as dependencies.

与 npm rm 命令一起使用时，从 package.json 中删除依赖。

¥When used with the npm rm command, removes the dependency from package.json.

如果设置为 false，也会阻止写入 package-lock.json。

¥Will also prevent writing to package-lock.json if set to false.

save-exact

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

保存到 package.json 的依赖将使用精确的版本进行配置，而不是使用 npm 的默认 semver 范围运算符。

¥Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator.

global

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

在 "global" 模式下运行，以便将包安装到 prefix 文件夹而不是当前工作目录。有关行为差异的更多信息，请参见 文件夹。

¥Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the prefix folder instead of the current working directory. See folders for more on the differences in behavior.

• 包安装到 {prefix}/lib/node_modules 文件夹，而不是当前工作目录。

  ¥packages are installed into the {prefix}/lib/node_modules folder, instead of the current working directory.

• bin 文件链接到 {prefix}/bin

  ¥bin files are linked to {prefix}/bin

• 手册页链接到 {prefix}/share/man

  ¥man pages are linked to {prefix}/share/man

global-style

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

使 npm 以与全局 node_modules 文件夹相同的布局将包安装到本地 node_modules 文件夹中。只有你的直接依赖将显示在 node_modules 中，并且它们所依赖的所有内容都将展平在它们的 node_modules 文件夹中。这显然会消除一些数据去重。如果与 legacy-bundling 一起使用，则首选 legacy-bundling。

¥Causes npm to install the package into your local node_modules folder with the same layout it uses with the global node_modules folder. Only your direct dependencies will show in node_modules and everything they depend on will be flattened in their node_modules folders. This obviously will eliminate some deduping. If used with legacy-bundling, legacy-bundling will be preferred.

legacy-bundling

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

使 npm 安装包，以便 1.4 之前的 npm 版本（例如 node 0.8 中包含的版本）可以安装包。这消除了所有自动数据去重。如果与 global-style 一起使用，则首选此选项。

¥Causes npm to install the package such that versions of npm prior to 1.4, such as the one included with node 0.8, can install the package. This eliminates all automatic deduping. If used with global-style this option will be preferred.

omit

• 默认值：'dev' 如果 NODE_ENV 环境变量设置为 'production'，否则为空。

  ¥Default: 'dev' if the NODE_ENV environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty.

• 类型："dev"、"optional"、"peer"（可多次设置）

  ¥Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)

要从磁盘上的安装树中省略的依赖类型。

¥Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk.

请注意，这些依赖仍会被解析并添加到 package-lock.json 或 npm-shrinkwrap.json 文件中。它们只是没有物理安装在磁盘上。

¥Note that these dependencies are still resolved and added to the package-lock.json or npm-shrinkwrap.json file. They are just not physically installed on disk.

如果一个包类型同时出现在 --include 和 --omit 列表中，那么它将被包括在内。

¥If a package type appears in both the --include and --omit lists, then it will be included.

如果生成的省略列表包含 'dev'，则 NODE_ENV 环境变量将针对所有生命周期脚本设置为 'production'。

¥If the resulting omit list includes 'dev', then the NODE_ENV environment variable will be set to 'production' for all lifecycle scripts.

strict-peer-deps

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

如果设置为 true，而 --legacy-peer-deps 没有设置，那么任何冲突的 peerDependencies 都将被视为安装失败，即使 npm 可以根据非对等依赖合理地猜测出适当的解决方案。

¥If set to true, and --legacy-peer-deps is not set, then any conflicting peerDependencies will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships.

默认情况下，依赖图中的冲突 peerDependencies 将使用最近的非对等依赖规范来解决，即使这样做会导致某些包收到超出其包的 peerDependencies 对象中设置的范围的对等依赖。

¥By default, conflicting peerDependencies deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's peerDependencies object.

当执行这样的和覆盖时，会打印一个警告，解释冲突和所涉及的包。如果设置了 --strict-peer-deps，则此警告被视为失败。

¥When such and override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If --strict-peer-deps is set, then this warning is treated as a failure.

package-lock

• 默认值：true

  ¥Default: true

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

如果设置为 false，则安装时忽略 package-lock.json 文件。如果 save 为真，这也将阻止写入 package-lock.json。

¥If set to false, then ignore package-lock.json files when installing. This will also prevent writing package-lock.json if save is true.

此配置不影响 npm ci。

¥This configuration does not affect npm ci.

foreground-scripts

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

在前台进程中运行已安装包的所有构建脚本（即 preinstall、install 和 postinstall）脚本，与主 npm 进程共享标准输入、输出和错误。

¥Run all build scripts (ie, preinstall, install, and postinstall) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process.

请注意，这通常会使安装运行速度变慢，并且噪音更大，但对调试很有用。

¥Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging.

ignore-scripts

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

如果为 true，npm 不会运行 package.json 文件中指定的脚本。

¥If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files.

请注意，如果设置了 ignore-scripts，则明确旨在运行特定脚本的命令（例如 npm start、npm stop、npm restart、npm test 和 npm run-script）仍将运行其预期的脚本，但它们不会运行任何前置或后置脚本。

¥Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as npm start, npm stop, npm restart, npm test, and npm run-script will still run their intended script if ignore-scripts is set, but they will not run any pre- or post-scripts.

audit

• 默认值：true

  ¥Default: true

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

当 "true" 将审计报告与当前 npm 命令一起提交到默认注册表和为范围配置的所有注册表时。有关提交内容的详细信息，请参阅 npm audit 的文档。

¥When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm audit for details on what is submitted.

bin-links

• 默认值：true

  ¥Default: true

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

告诉 npm 为包的可执行文件创建符号链接（或 Windows 上的 .cmd 垫片）。

¥Tells npm to create symlinks (or .cmd shims on Windows) for package executables.

设置为 false 使其不执行此操作。这可以用来解决某些文件系统不支持符号链接的事实，即使在表面上是 Unix 系统上也是如此。

¥Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems.

fund

• 默认值：true

  ¥Default: true

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

当 "true" 在每个 npm install 的末尾显示消息时，确认正在寻找资金的依赖的数量。详见 npm fund。

¥When "true" displays the message at the end of each npm install acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm fund for details.

dry-run

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

表示你不希望 npm 进行任何更改，并且它应该只报告它会做的事情。这可以传递到任何修改本地安装的命令中，例如 install、update、dedupe、uninstall 以及 pack 和 publish。

¥Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, install, update, dedupe, uninstall, as well as pack and publish.

注意：其他网络相关命令不支持此功能，例如 dist-tags、owner 等。

¥Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg dist-tags, owner, etc.

workspace

• 默认值：

  ¥Default:

• 类型：字符串（可以设置多次）

  ¥Type: String (can be set multiple times)

启用在当前项目的已配置工作区的上下文中运行命令，同时通过仅运行此配置选项定义的工作区进行过滤。

¥Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option.

workspace 配置的有效值为：

¥Valid values for the workspace config are either:

• 工作区名称

  ¥Workspace names

• 工作区目录的路径

  ¥Path to a workspace directory

• 父工作区目录的路径（将导致选择该文件夹中的所有工作区）

  ¥Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder)

为 npm init 命令设置时，可以将其设置为尚不存在的工作区的文件夹，以创建文件夹并将其设置为项目中的全新工作区。

¥When set for the npm init command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project.

此值不会导出到子进程的环境中。

¥This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.

workspaces

• 默认值：null

  ¥Default: null

• 类型：空值或布尔值

  ¥Type: null or Boolean

设置为 true 可在所有已配置工作区的上下文中运行该命令。

¥Set to true to run the command in the context of all configured workspaces.

显式将此设置为 false 将导致像 install 这样的命令完全忽略工作区。未明确设置时：

¥Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like install to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly:

• 在 node_modules 树上运行的命令（安装、更新等）会将工作区链接到 node_modules 文件夹。* 执行其他操作（测试、执行、发布等）的命令将在根项目上运行，除非在 workspace 配置中指定了一个或多个工作区。

  ¥Commands that operate on the node_modules tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the node_modules folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, unless one or more workspaces are specified in the workspace config.

此值不会导出到子进程的环境中。

¥This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.

include-workspace-root

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

为命令启用工作区时包括工作区根。

¥Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.

当为 false 时，通过 workspace 配置指定单个工作区，或通过 workspaces 标志指定所有工作区，将导致 npm 仅在指定的工作区上运行，而不是在根项目上运行。

¥When false, specifying individual workspaces via the workspace config, or all workspaces via the workspaces flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.

此值不会导出到子进程的环境中。

¥This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.

install-links

• 默认值：false

  ¥Default: false

• 类型：布尔值

  ¥Type: Boolean

设置文件时：存在于项目根之外的协议依赖将作为常规依赖打包和安装，而不是创建符号链接。此选项对工作区没有影响。

¥When set file: protocol dependencies that exist outside of the project root will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces.

也可以看看

¥See Also

• npm install

• package-lock.json