选择命令行版本：
🌐 Synopsis
npm patch <pkg>[@<version>]npm patch add <pkg>[@<version>] [--edit-dir <path>] [--ignore-existing]npm patch commit <edit-dir> [--patches-dir <dir>] [--keep-edit-dir]npm patch update <pkg>[@<old-version>] [--to <new-version>] [--patches-dir <dir>]npm patch lsnpm patch rm <pkg>[@<version>]
注意：此命令不支持工作区。
🌐 Note: This command is unaware of workspaces.
🌐 Description
npm patch 让你对已安装的依赖进行小范围的局部修改，并在每次安装时自动重新应用这些修改。补丁在你项目根目录的 package.json 文件的 patchedDependencies 字段中声明，以普通的统一差异（unified diff）格式存放在 patches/ 目录下，并在 package-lock.json 中用内容哈希记录。
因为补丁是在安装过程中应用的，所以它们无论 install-strategy 如何都有效，适用于传递依赖，并且不会被 --ignore-scripts 禁用。
🌐 Because patches are applied during the install itself, they work regardless of install-strategy, apply to transitive dependencies, and are not disabled by --ignore-scripts.
裸形式 npm patch <pkg> 是 npm patch add <pkg> 的简写。一个字面上像子命令的包必须使用显式形式，例如 npm patch add add。
🌐 The bare form npm patch <pkg> is shorthand for npm patch add <pkg>. A package literally named like a subcommand must use the explicit form, e.g. npm patch add add.
npm patch add <pkg>[@<version>]
为编辑准备一个包。npm 会将已解析的包压缩文件提取到 node_modules 外的临时目录，并打印其路径。在那里编辑文件，然后运行 npm patch commit。
如果安装了多个版本的 <pkg>，请使用像 npm patch add lodash@4.17.21 这样的精确选择器重新运行。
npm patch commit <edit-dir>
将编辑过的目录与原始 tar 包的干净副本进行比较，把统一差异写入 <patches-dir>/<name>@<version>.patch，将条目添加到 patchedDependencies，并更新 package-lock.json。
npm patch ls
列出已注册的补丁以及每个补丁匹配的已安装节点数量。
npm patch rm <pkg>[@<version>]
从 patchedDependencies 中移除匹配的条目，当没有其他条目引用补丁文件时删除它，并更新 package-lock.json。如果省略 <version>，则会移除 <pkg> 的所有条目。
🌐 Failure modes
默认情况下，任何补丁问题都是一个严重错误，会中止安装：补丁无法应用、已注册的补丁没有匹配的已安装包、缺少补丁文件，或者补丁的哈希值与锁文件不匹配。
🌐 By default any patch problem is a hard error that aborts the install: a patch that fails to apply, a registered patch that matches no installed package, a missing patch file, or a patch whose hash does not match the lockfile.
有两个仅限命令行的标志可以在一次性情况下放宽这个限制：--allow-unused-patches 和 --ignore-patch-failures。
🌐 Two CLI-only flags relax this for one-off cases: --allow-unused-patches and --ignore-patch-failures.
🌐 Configuration
patches-dir相对于项目根目录，npm patch commit 为 patchedDependencies 写补丁文件的目录。
🌐 The directory, relative to the project root, where npm patch commit writes patch files for patchedDependencies.
allow-unused-patches即使在 patchedDependencies 中注册的补丁没有匹配到已安装的包时也要安装。不会屏蔽补丁应用失败。
🌐 Install even when a registered patch in patchedDependencies matches no installed package. Does not silence patch apply failures.
这个标志只有在命令行上传递时才生效；在 .npmrc 和环境变量中会被忽略，并且会被 npm ci 拒绝。
🌐 This flag is only honored when passed on the command line; it is ignored in .npmrc and environment variables, and rejected by npm ci.
ignore-patch-failures即使已注册的补丁安装失败，也要安装，每次失败都会有警告。仅用于事件响应。
🌐 Install even when a registered patch fails to apply, with a warning per failure. Intended for incident response only.
这个标志只有在命令行上传递时才生效；在 .npmrc 和环境变量中会被忽略，并且会被 npm ci 拒绝。
🌐 This flag is only honored when passed on the command line; it is ignored in .npmrc and environment variables, and rejected by npm ci.
edit-dir覆盖 npm patch add 用来准备编辑包的临时目录。
🌐 Override the temporary directory used by npm patch add to prepare a package for editing.
ignore-existing使用 npm patch add，丢弃之前未完成的编辑目录并重新开始。
🌐 With npm patch add, discard a previous unfinished edit directory and start fresh.
keep-edit-dir使用 npm patch commit 时，提交补丁后不要删除编辑目录。
🌐 With npm patch commit, do not remove the edit directory after committing the patch.
to当无法从 package-lock.json 读取时，npm patch update 用来设置要将补丁重新基准的版本——例如一个精确版本选择器，或者一个尚未安装的版本。
🌐 Used by npm patch update to set the version to rebase a patch onto when it cannot be read from package-lock.json — for example an exact-version selector, or a version that has not been installed yet.
registrynpm 注册表的基本 URL。
🌐 The base URL of the npm registry.
🌐 See Also